Suxian District is located in central Chenzhou City at the northern foot of the Five Ridges. The District meets Zixing County in the east, borders on Yizhang County in the south, adjoins Beihu District and Guiyang County in the west, and neighbors on Yongxing County in the north. The administrative center of the district people's government is situated on Suyuan Road of Chenzhou City.

With an area of 1,342.28 square kilometers, and a population of 349,911, Suxian District has jurisdiction over 2 subdistrict offices including Nanta Subdistrict Office and Suxianling Subdistrict Office, 8 towns and 9 townships.